| Olimpiade |
|---|
 |
| Topik utama |
| Pertandingan |
Olimpiade Kuno awalnya adalah sebuah perayaan atau selebrasi untuk Zeus. Kemudian, lomba-lomba seperti balap lari, lompat jauh, lempar lembing, dan adu gulat ditambahkan. Permainan Olimpiade (bahasa Yunani Kuno: แฝฮปฯฮผฯฮนฮฑ, Olympia,[1][2][3][4][5][6] "Olimpiade"; juga แฝฮปฯ ฮผฯฮนฮฌฯ, Olympias,[4][5][6][7] "Olimpiad") adalah serangkaian kompetisi atletik di antara para perwakilan kota-negara dan salah satu Permainan Panhallenik dari Yunani kuno. Acara tersebut diadakan untuk menghormati Zeus. Olimpiade pertama dikatakan diadakan pada 776 SM.[8] Acara tersebut masih diadakan saat Yunani berada di bawah kekuasaan Romawi, sampai kaisar Theodosius I menekan acara tersebut pada 393ย M sebagai bagian kampanye pengangkatan Kristen sebagai agama negara Romawi. Pertandingan tersebut diadakan setiap empat tahun, atau olympiad, yang menjadi unit waktu dalam kronologi sejarah.
Catatan
sunting- ^ แฝฮปฯฮผฯฮนฮฑ. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; An Intermediate GreekโEnglish Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
- ^ "15-04-16 ฮงฮฑฮนฯฮตฯฮนฯฮผฯฯ ฯฯฮฝ ฮฅฯฮฟฯ
ฯฮณฯฮฝ ฮ.ฮฆฮฏฮปฮท ฮบฮฑฮน ฮ.ฮฯฮฑฮปฯฮฌ ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯฮทฮฝ ฮ ฮฑฮณฮบฯฯฮผฮนฮฑ ฮฮผฮญฯฮฑ ฮฮฝฮทฮผฮตฮฏฯฮฝ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮคฮฟฯฮฟฮธฮตฯฮนฯฮฝ". Greek ministry of Education Research and Religious affairs. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 24 September 2016.
ฮ ฮฑฮฝฮตฮปฮปฮฎฮฝฮนฮฑ ฯฯ ฮผฮผฮตฯฮฟฯฮฎ ฮตฮฏฯฮฑฮฝ: ฯฮฑ ฮฮปฯฮผฯฮนฮฑ, ฯฮฟฯ ฮดฮนฮตฮพฮฌฮณฮฟฮฝฯฮฑฮฝ ฮบฮฌฮธฮต ฯฮญฯฯฮตฯฮฑ ฯฯฯฮฝฮนฮฑ ฯฯฮทฮฝ ฮฯฯฮฑฮฏฮฑ ฮฮปฯ ฮผฯฮฏฮฑ ฯฯฮฟฯ ฯฮนฮผฮฎฮฝ ฯฮฟฯ ฮฮนฯฯ
- ^ Francis Edward Jackson VALPY (1832). Second Greek Delectus; or, new Analecta Minora ... With English notes, and a copious Greek and English lexicon, etc. hlm.ย 1. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 15 November 2017.
- ^ a b Grieksch leesboek voor eerstbeginnenden: ingerigt ten dienste der Hollandsche jeugd. H.C.A. Thieme. 1811. hlm.ย 248. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 15 November 2017.
- ^ a b Henry Cary (1843). A Lexicon to Herodotus, Greek and English, Adapted to the Text of Grisford and Bachr. J. Vincent and. hlm.ย 279. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 15 November 2017.
- ^ a b Fridericus Gulielmus Sturz (1818). Etymologicum graciae linguae Gudianum et alia grammaticorum scripta e codicibus manuscriptis nunc primum edita Accedunt notae ad Aymologicion magnum ineditae E. H. Barkeri, Innr. Bekkeri, Lud. Kulencampii, Amad. Peyronialiorumque. Weigel. hlm.ย 371. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 23 Desember 2016.
- ^ แฝฮปฯ ฮผฯฮนฮฌฯย in Middle Liddell and Scott.
- ^ "History". Olympic Games. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 9 Agustus 2016. Diakses tanggal 11 Agustus 2016.
Referensi
sunting- Gardiner, E. N. (1910). Greek athletic sports and festivals. Londonย : Macmillan. Pemeliharaan CS1: Lokasi penerbit (link)
- Gardiner, E. Norman, Athletics of the Ancient World, 246 pages, 200+ illustrations, with new material, Oxford University Press, 1930
- Young, David C. (2004). A Brief History of the Olympic Games (PDF). Blackwell Publishing. ISBNย 978-1-4051-1130-0. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2021-08-11. Diakses tanggal 2019-04-08.
- Miller, Stephen G. (2006). Ancient Greek Athletics. Yale University Press. ISBNย 978-0-300-11529-1.
- Golden, Mark, Sport and Society in Ancient Greece, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
- Hansen, Mogens Herman (2006). Polis, an Introduction to the Ancient Greek City-State. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBNย 978-0-19-920849-4. Diakses tanggal 12 February 2010.
- Hanson, Victor Davis; Strassler, Robert B. (1996). The Landmark Thucydides. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBNย 978-1-4165-9087-3. Diakses tanggal 12 February 2010.
- Kotynski, Edward J. The Athletics of the Ancient Olympics: A Summary and Research Tool. 2006.( 2009-10-25); new link
- Kyle, Donald G. (2007). Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World. Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing. ISBNย 978-0-631-22970-4. Diakses tanggal 12 February 2010.
- Mallowitz, Alfred. Cult and Competition Locations at Olympia. Raschke 79โ109.
- Miller, Stephen. "The Date of Olympic Festivals". Mitteilungen: Des Deutschen Archรคologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung. Vol. 90 (1975): 215โ237.
- Patay-Horvรกth, Andrรกs (2015). The Origins of the Olympic Games. Budapest: Archaeolingua Foundation. ISBNย 978-963-9911-72-7.
- Raschke, Wendy J. (1988). The Archaeology of the Olympics: the Olympics and Other Festivals in Antiquity. Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin University Press. ISBNย 978-0-299-11334-6. Diakses tanggal 12 February 2010.
- Remijsen, Sofie. The End of Greek Athletics in Late Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
- Spivey, Nigel (2005). The Ancient Olympics. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBNย 978-0-19-280433-4. Diakses tanggal 12 February 2010.
- Stanton, Richard (2000). The Forgotten Olympic Art Competitions:The story of the Olympic art competitions of the 20th century. Victoria, Canada: Trafford. ISBNย 978-1-55212-606-6. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2010.
- Swaddling, Judith (1999). The ancient Olympic Games. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBNย 978-0-292-77751-4. Diakses tanggal 12 February 2010.
- Tufts โ "Women and the Games"
- Ancient Olympics. Research by K. U. Leuven and Peking University
Bacaan tambahan
sunting- Christesen, Paul. 2007. Olympic Victor Lists and Ancient Greek History. Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge Univ. Press.
- Lee, Hugh M. 2001. The Program and Schedule of the Ancient Olympic Games. Nikephoros Beihefte 6. Hildesheim, Germany: Weidmann.
- Nielsen, Thomas Heine. 2007. Olympia and the Classical Hellenic City-State Culture. Historisk-filosofiske Meddeleser 96. Copenhagen: Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters.
- Sinn, Ulrich. 2000. Olympia: Cult, Sport, and Ancient Festival. Princeton, NJ: M. Wiener.
- Valavanis, Panos. 2004. Games and Sanctuaries in Ancient Greece: Olympia, Delphi, Isthmia, Nemea, Athens. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum.
Pranala luar
sunting| Sumber pustaka mengenai Ancient Olympic Games |
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Ancient Olympic Games.
- The Ancient Olympic Games virtual museum (requires registration)
- Olympiakoi Agones
- Ancient Olympics: General and detailed information
- The Ancient Olympics: A special exhibit
- The story of the Ancient Olympic Games Diarsipkan 2008-05-01 di Wayback Machine.
- The origin of the Olympics
- Olympia and Macedonia: Games, Gymnasia and Politics. Thomas F. Scanlon, professor of Classics, University of California
- List of Macedonian Olympic winners (in Greek)
- Webquest The ancient and modern Olympic Games
- Goddess Nike and the Olympic Games: Excellence, Glory and Strife
