| Paul Revere | |
|---|---|
 John Singleton Copley, Lukisan Paul Revere. sekitar 1768โ70 | |
| Lahir | 1 Januari 1735 (O.S.: 21 Desember 1734) North End, Boston, Massachusetts |
| Meninggal | 10 Mei 1818 (umurย 83) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Pekerjaan | pandai perak, pimpinan militer kolonial |
| Suami/istri | Sarah Orne (1757โ73) (kematiannya) Rachel Walker (1773โ1813) (kematiannya) |
| Anak | 8 dengan Sarah Orne (6 selamat) 8 dengan Rachel Walker (5 selamat) |
| Tanda tangan | |
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Paul Revere (/rษชหvษชษr/; 21 Desember 1734 O.S.ย โ 10 Mei 1818)[N 1] adalah seorang pandai perak, pembuat gravir, industrialis awal, dan patriot dalam Revolusi Amerika.
Paul Revere adalah pahlawan nasional Amerika yang jasanya dikenang bukan karena dia berjuang dengan senjata, tetapi karena jasanya untuk memberi tahu kedatangan pasukan Inggris lewat kode tertentu. Kode tersebut adalah;"two if by sea, one if by land". Artinya: dua pelita akan digantungkan di menara bel Christ Church kalau pasukan Inggris datang melalui Charles River ke Cambridge, atau menggantung sebuah pelita kalau pasukan Inggrisnya datang lewat darat melalui Boston Neck. Pada 18 April 1775, Paul Revere mengendarai kudanya bergegas menuju kota Lexington sesudah diantarkan oleh dua orang kawannya memakai perahu pada malam hari, menghindari pasukan Inggris yang memasuki perairan Boston. Tugas Paul Revere adalah untuk memberi tahu dua orang patriot lainnya, John Hancock dan Samuel Adams, supaya bersiap menghadapi serbuan pasukan Inggris.
Referensi
suntingCatatan
sunting- ^ Tanggal kelahiran Revere diganti oleh pengubahan antara kalender Julian dan kalender Gregorian, yang berbeda 11 hari, and by the fact that only his baptism, not his actual birth was recorded. While his baptism was recorded on December 22, adjusting for the conversion between Julian and Gregorian calendars changes the date to January 1.[1][2]
Kutipan
sunting- ^ Gill 1891, hlm.ย 10โ11.
- ^ Fischer 1994, hlm.ย 297.
Daftar pustaka
sunting- Alexander, John (2002). Samuel Adams: America's Revolutionary Politician. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. ISBNย 9780742521148.
- Boatner, Mark Mayo, III (1975) [1964]. Encyclopedia of the American Revolution. Library of Military History. New York: David McKay. ISBNย 978-0-618-00194-1. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
- Brooks, Victor (1999). The Boston Campaign: April 1775โMarch 1776. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Combined Publishing. ISBNย 978-0-585-23453-3.
- Drake, Samuel Adams (1899). Historic Mansions and Highways Around Boston. Boston: Little, Brown. OCLCย 1838072.
- Fischer, David Hackett (1994). Paul Revere's ride. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBNย 0-19-508847-6. This work is extensively footnoted, and contains a voluminous list of primary resources concerning all aspects of the Revere's ride and the battles at Lexington and Concord.
- Forbes, Esther (1999) [1942]. Paul Revere and the World He Lived in. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBNย 978-0-618-00194-1.
- Gettemy, Charles (1905). The True Story of Paul Revere. Boston: Little, Brown. OCLCย 1375230.
- Goss, Elbridge Henry (1891). The Life of Colonel Paul Revere. Boston: J. G. Cupples. OCLCย 3589045. (Volume 2)
- Ketchum, Robert (1999) [1974]. Decisive Day: The Battle For Bunker Hill. New York: Henry Holt and Co. ISBNย 9780805060997.
- Martello, Robert (2010). Midnight Ride, Industrial Dawn: Paul Revere and the Growth of American Enterprise. Johns Hopkins Studies in the History of Technology. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
- McDonald, Forrest; McDonald, Ellen (April 1980). "The Ethnic Origins of the American People, 1790". The William and Mary Quarterly. Third. 37 (2): 179โ199. JSTORย 1919495.
- McNamara, John (1978). History in Asphalt: The Origin of Bronx Street and Place Names, Borough of the Bronx, New York City. Fleischmanns, New York: Harbor Hill Books.
- Miller, Joel J. (2010). The Revolutionary Paul Revere. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson. ISBNย 978-1-59555-074-3.
- Murrin, John M.; etย al. (2002) [1996]. Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, Volume I: To 1877. Florence, Kentucky: Wadsworth-Thomson Learning. ;
- Paul Revere, Artisan, Businessman and Patriot: The Man Behind the Myth. Boston: Paul Revere Memorial Association (PRMA). 1988.
- Revere, Paul (1961). Paul Revere's Three Accounts of His Famous Ride. Introduction by Edmund Morgan. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society. ISBNย 978-0-9619999-0-2. ;
- Ruland, Richard; Bradbury, Malcolm (1991). From Puritanism to Postmodernism: A History of American Literature. New York: Viking.
- Schmidt, Leah A (2002). Revere Beach. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBNย 978-0-7385-1030-9.
- Steblecki, Edith J. (1985). Paul Revere and Freemasonry. Boston: Paul Revere Memorial Association (PRMA). OCLCย 17485269.
- Triber, Jayne (1998). A True Republican: The Life of Paul Revere. Amherst, Massachusetts: University of Massachusetts Press. ISBNย 978-1-55849-139-7.
- United States, National Archives and Records Service. Papers of the Continental Congress, 1774โ1789. National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration.
- Upham, Warren (1920). Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society. OCLCย 34232868.
- Falino, Jeannine (2001). "The Pride Which Pervades thro every Class": The Customers of Paul Revere. Boston, Massachusetts: University Press of Virginia.
- Federhen, Deborah (1988). From Artisan to Entrepreneur: Paul Revere's Silver Shop Operation. Boston, Massachusetts: Paul Revere Memorial Association.
Pranala luar
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Media terkait Paul Revere di Wikimedia Commons
ย Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopรฆdia Britannica (Edisi 11). Cambridge University Press. - Paul Revere Heritage Project
- The Paul Revere House
- Original copper engravings and other documents in collections of the Massachusetts State Archives
- (Inggris) Karya atau profil mengenai Paul Revere di perpustakaan (katalog WorldCat)
- Revere Rolling Mill (about the endangered original Revere copper works site in Canton, MA)
- Booknotes interview with David Hackett Fischer on Paul Revere's Ride, July 17, 1994. Diarsipkan 2014-12-25 di Wayback Machine.
