Kaukus Kebebasan 📖 Wikipedia

Kaukus Kebebasan (Inggris: Freedom Caucus), juga dikenal sebagai House Freedom Caucus adalah sebuah fraksi Kongres Amerika Serikat yang terdiri dari anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amerika Serikat dari Partai Republik. Secara umum, fraksi ini merupakan fraksi yang paling konservatif di Kongres Amerika Serikat.^{[1][2][3][4][5]} Kaukus ini dibentuk pada 26 Januari 2015 oleh aktivis konservatif dan anggota Gerakan Tea Party dengan tujuan mendorong pimpinan Partai Republik ke haluan yang lebih kanan.^[6] Ketua pertamanya, Jim Jordan menggambarkan kaukus tersebut sebagai kelompok perwakilan konservatif yang "lebih kecil, lebih kohesif, lebih gesit, dan lebih aktif".^[7] Ketuanya saat ini, Andy Harris, dianggap oleh beberapa media sebagai politisi sayap kanan karena beberapa usulannya yang radikal.^[8][9]

Kaukus tersebut diposisikan dari sayap kanan hingga paling kanan dalam spektrum politik, dan secara substansial terkait dengan nilai-nilai konservatisme nasional.^[10][11][12] Kelompok konservatif garis keras lebih menyukai konservatisme sosial dan pemerintahan kecil, bersama dengan keyakinan populis sayap kanan seperti penentangan terhadap reformasi imigrasi.^{[13][14][15][16][17]} Kaukus ini kerap mencoba mencabut Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.^[18] Didirikan sebagai alternatif yang lebih konservatif terhadap Komite Studi Republik, kelompok ini awalnya menekankan konservatisme fiskal dan kekhawatiran tentang peraturan DPR, mendukung pemotongan anggaran dan desentralisasi kekuasaan dalam DPR.^[19][20]

Kaukus Kebebasan diposisikan sebagai sayap kanan^[10] sampai kanan jauh.^[11] Dalam sebuah sesi wawancara dengan Vanity Fair pada 30 Oktober 2017, John Boehner mengambarkan bahwa "Mereka tidak pernah bilang apa yang mereka dukung, mereka bisa menyebut semua yang mereka tentang. Mereka adalah anarkis. Mereka ingin kekacauan total. Bongkarkan semuanya dan mulai dari awal. Itulah pemikiran mereka".^[21]

• Partai Republik (Amerika Serikat)
• Koalisi Anjing Biru
• Liberty Caucus
• Kaukus Makar
• Kaukus Amendemen Kedua
• Kaukus Tea Party

1. ^ Carl, Jeremy (October 13, 2015). "The Freedom Caucus Is a Rebellion That Could Change the GOP's Future". Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal December 13, 2018. Diakses tanggal March 31, 2017.
2. ^ Desilver, Drew (October 20, 2015). "House Freedom Caucus: What is it, and who's in it?". Pew Research Center (dalam bahasa American English). Diakses tanggal February 7, 2021.
3. ^ Ethier, Beth (January 26, 2015). "House Conservatives Form "Freedom Caucus" as Right-Wing Rebellion Continues". Slate (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal July 8, 2021.
4. ^ Fox, Lauren (March 24, 2017). "Why (almost) everyone hates the House Freedom Caucus". CNN. Diakses tanggal February 15, 2025. At first, there were just nine of them, but the group, which is considered the most right flank of the Republican conference, grew
5. ^ Mark Barrett, Meadows in line to lead House's most conservative wing, ‘’Asheville Citizen-Times’’ (December 3, 2016): "the House Freedom Caucus, which occupies the furthest-right position on the ideological spectrum in the U.S. House..."
6. ^ French, Lauren (January 26, 2015). "9 Republicans launch House Freedom Caucus". Politico (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal July 8, 2021.
7. ^ Eaton, Sabrina (February 11, 2015). "It's official: Rep. Jim Jordan now chairs the House Freedom Caucus". Cleveland. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal February 16, 2019. Diakses tanggal July 22, 2015.
8. ^ Cheney, Kyle. "Freedom Caucus leader endorses radical proposal for North Carolina to hand its electoral votes to Trump". Politico.
9. ^ "Far-right congressman suggests N.C. Legislature should consider handing electors to Trump on Election Day". NBC News (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2024-10-25. Diakses tanggal 2024-10-26.
10. ^ ^{a b} The Freedom Caucus has been widely described as right-wing:
    • Cheadle, Harry (March 22, 2017). "The Right-Wing 'Freedom Caucus' Says It's Going to Kill Trumpcare". Vice. Diakses tanggal April 10, 2017.
    • Roy, Avik (April 2, 2017). "GOP Centrists, Not Freedom Caucus, Are Blocking Deal To Replace Obamacare". Forbes. Diakses tanggal April 10, 2017. The conventional wisdom – repeated by President Trump – is that the right-wing House Freedom Caucus is singlehandedly blocking Republican attempts to repeal and replace Obamacare.
    • Beavers, Olivia (March 26, 2017). "Republican quits House Freedom Caucus". The Hill. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal April 4, 2019. Diakses tanggal April 10, 2017. Rep. Ted Poe (R-Texas) resigned Sunday from the House Freedom Caucus, indicating he did so because he wanted to vote for the Republican healthcare proposal the right-wing caucus so adamantly opposed.
    • Lizza, Ryan (December 7, 2015). "A House divided". The New Yorker. Diakses tanggal April 10, 2017. Meadows is one of the more active members of the House Freedom Caucus, an invitation-only group of about forty right-wing conservatives that formed at the beginning of this year.
    • French, Lauren (March 14, 2016). "House Freedom Caucus to break with leadership on budget". Politico. Diakses tanggal July 14, 2016. Budget Committee Chairperson Tom Price of Georgia and Speaker Paul Ryan (R-Wis.) have labored to gain the support of the far-right caucus
    • Thrush, Glenn (March 25, 2017). "Trump Becomes Ensnared in Fiery G.O.P. Civil War". The New York Times.
    • Fabian, Jordan (March 30, 2017). "Trump on the warpath against Freedom Caucus". The Hill. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal July 5, 2017. Diakses tanggal March 31, 2017.
    • Woolf, Nicky (October 7, 2015). "Republicans in Freedom Caucus support Florida conservative as speaker". The Guardian.
    • Newhauser, Daniel (June 24, 2015). "Boehner-vs.-Freedom-Caucus Battle Escalates". National Journal. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal July 28, 2015. Diakses tanggal July 22, 2015.
    • Sullivan, Sean (March 4, 2015). "Insurgent bloc of House conservatives proving to be a thorn in Boehner's side". The Washington Post. Diakses tanggal July 22, 2015.
    • Bush, Daniel (January 22, 2018). "Who's to blame for the government shutdown? A look at the political fallout". PBS NewsHour. Diakses tanggal June 7, 2018.
11. ^ ^{a b}
    • Touchberry, Ramsey; Soellner, Mica (November 9, 2022). "Emboldened far-right Freedom Caucus presents hurdles to Kevin McCarthy's run for House speaker". The Washington Times. Diakses tanggal November 24, 2022.
    • Stone, Peter (October 28, 2022). "Meet the Congressman Who Is Viktor Orbán's Biggest Fanboy". The New Republic. Diakses tanggal November 24, 2022. A member of the House's far-right Freedom Caucus and co-chair of the Hungarian Caucus, Harris tried to torpedo the resolution during floor debate by attacking a provision that called for setting up a NATO unit to help its members build democratic institutions.
    • Carless, Will (January 23, 2022). "Far-right extremists..." USA Today. Diakses tanggal November 14, 2022.
    • Wong, Scott; Allen, Jonathan (April 28, 2022). "Trump expected to stump for Illinois congresswoman in primary fight against fellow lawmaker". NBC News. Diakses tanggal November 24, 2022. Rep. Mary Miller, a member of the far-right Freedom Caucus, said Trump has vowed to campaign for her ahead of her primary against GOP Rep. Rodney Davis.
    • Edmondson, Catie (June 28, 2022). "In Illinois, MAGA Congresswoman Rallies to Oust Her G.O.P. Colleague". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal November 24, 2022. Ms. Miller is a member of the far-right Freedom Caucus who has adopted Mr. Trump's grievance-infused manner of speaking and once spoke approvingly of Adolf Hitler.
    • Lee Drutman, ed. (2020). Breaking the Two-Party Doom Loop: The Case for Multiparty Democracy in America. Oxford University Press. hlm. 14. ISBN 978-0190913854. These far-right Freedom Caucus members had been unhappy with Boehner's top-down style of leadership, which they felt had forced members into compromising too much with Democrats.
    • David Hosansky, ed. (2019). The American Congress. CQ Press. ISBN 978-1544350639. This set up a difficult battle for Speaker of the House Paul Ryan, R-Wis., to reach a consensus within his caucus between mainstream Republicans and the forty-member-strong Freedom Caucus, a group of far-right libertarian, isolationist, ...
    • Steven S. Smith; Jason M. Roberts; Ryan J. Vander Wielen, ed. (2019). The American Congress. Rowman & Littlefield. hlm. 14. ISBN 978-1538125847. The parties are very polarized: the middle is empty, so that no Democrat is to the right of any Republican and no Republican is to the left of any Democrat. The Freedom Caucus members are located on the far right.
    • Homan, Patrick; Lantis, Jeffrey (December 5, 2019). ""We the People?" Historical Foundations of Factionalism". The Battle for U.S. Foreign Policy. hlm. 57–87. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30171-2_3. ISBN 978-3030301705. S2CID 212991762. As president, Trump has variously aligned himself with the positions of the far-right Freedom Caucus and with establishment Republican leaders.
    • Geyman, John (January 2018). "Crisis in U.S. Health Care: Corporate Power Still Blocks Reform". International Journal of Health Services. 48 (1): 5–27. doi:10.1177/0020731417729654. PMID 28971720. S2CID 206411764. The far-right Freedom Caucus in the House called for full repeal whatever the consequences, but by then the ACA had become more popular with the public and even drew support...
12. ^ Stening, Tanner (2023-06-05). "Is the US now a four-party system? Progressives split Democrats, and far-right divides Republicans". Northeastern Global News (dalam bahasa American English). Diakses tanggal 2025-04-29.
13. ^ Reilly, Mollie (October 21, 2015). "House Conservatives Support Paul Ryan For Speaker, But Won't Formally Endorse Him". HuffPost. Diakses tanggal July 14, 2016. the group of hardline conservatives ... the socially conservative House Freedom Caucus
14. ^ "Paul Ryan vs. House Freedom Caucus: Who will blink first in speaker's race?". Los Angeles Times. October 16, 2015. the group's small-government, socially conservative agenda
15. ^ Cottle, Michelle (April 7, 2017). "In The Freedom Caucus, Trump Meets His Match". The Atlantic.
16. ^ Pally, Marcia (June 8, 2017). "A Tale of Two Covenants: Can America be Localist Without Being Exclusionary?". ABC News (dalam bahasa Australian English). Diakses tanggal January 5, 2023.
17. ^ Bade, Rachael (June 27, 2018). "'I thought you were my friend': Immigration meltdown exposes GOP hostilities". Politico. Diakses tanggal April 17, 2022.
18. ^ "After Boehner ouster, quiet period, Freedom Caucus attacks on IRS, ObamaCare". Fox News. December 10, 2016.
19. ^ Melanie Zanona (March 8, 2022). "Republican leaders face threat of revived Freedom Caucus in GOP-led House". CNN. Past iterations of the group – which was formed as an ultra-conservative alternative to the Republican Study Committee but has since become more of a Trump loyalty club – were more focused on process and transparency concerns, as well as fiscal conservatism. Some of the more veteran members of the group are still emphasizing that as a top priority.
20. ^ Jay Newton-Small (October 20, 2021). "How Paul Ryan Outfoxed House Conservatives". Time (dalam bahasa Inggris). The House Freedom Caucus has had a lot of demands of late: conditions under which they'd support anyone to be Speaker, changes they'd like to see made in the House to decentralize power, ... The as-of-yet unformed bill is almost guaranteed to have levels of spending the fiscally conservative Freedom Caucus will find highly objectionable – they have never supported any bipartisan deal that has come out of the Senate.
21. ^ Nguyen, Tina (October 30, 2017). ""Idiots," "Anarchists," and "Assholes": Boehner Unloads on Republicans". The Hive (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal November 8, 2017.